Nkhani

Kusungunuka kwa Vacuum Induction
Kuponya vacuum (vacuum induction melting - VIM) kunapangidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ma alloys apadera komanso achilendo, ndipo chifukwa chake kukukhala kofala kwambiri pamene zipangizo zamakonozi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. VIM idapangidwa kuti isungunuke ndi kupanga ma superalloy ndi zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri, zambiri zomwe zimafuna kukonzedwa kwa vacuum chifukwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zotsutsa komanso zosinthika monga Ti, Nb ndi Al. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zina pamene kusungunuka koyambirira kwapamwamba kukufunika.

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, njirayi imaphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa chitsulo pansi pa vacuum. Kulowetsedwa kwa maginito amagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu yosungunula chitsulocho. Kusungunuka kwa induction kumagwira ntchito poyambitsa ma eddy currents amagetsi mu chitsulocho. Gwero lake ndi induction coil, yomwe imanyamula alternating current. Ma eddy currents amatenthetsa kenako amasungunula mphamvuyo.

Ng'anjoyo imakhala ndi jekete lachitsulo lopanda mpweya, lozizira ndi madzi lomwe limatha kupirira vacuum yofunikira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Chitsulocho chimasungunuka mu chophikira chomwe chili mu coil yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo ng'anjoyo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zoyenera zotetezera.

Zitsulo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa mpweya - makamaka nayitrogeni ndi mpweya - nthawi zambiri zimasungunuka/kuyengedwa mu uvuni wa vacuum induction kuti zisaipitsidwe/zigwirizane ndi mpweya umenewu. Chifukwa chake, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zoyera kwambiri kapena zinthu zomwe sizimalekerera kwambiri kapangidwe ka mankhwala.

Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kusungunuka kwa vacuum induction kumagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Yankho: Kusungunula kwa vacuum induction poyamba kunapangidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito kwa alloys apadera komanso achilendo ndipo chifukwa chake kukukhala kofala kwambiri chifukwa zipangizo zamakonozi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu monga ma superalloys, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zina.
Kodi ang'anjo yopangira vacuumntchito?
Zipangizozo zimayikidwa mu uvuni wolowetsedwa pansi pa vacuum ndipo mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula vacuum. Zowonjezera zimapangidwa kuti chitsulo chamadzimadzi chifike pamlingo wofunikira wosungunula. Chitsulo chosungunuka chimayengedwa pansi pa vacuum ndipo chemistry imasinthidwa mpaka chemistry yosungunuka yeniyeni ikwaniritsidwe.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi chitsulo mu vacuum?
Makamaka, zitsulo zambiri zimapanga gawo la okosijeni pamwamba pa chilichonse chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi mpweya. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati chishango choletsa kugwirizana. Mu malo opanda mpweya, mulibe mpweya kotero zitsulo sizingapange gawo loteteza.

Ubwino wa VIM Melting
Kutengera ndi chinthucho ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo, kuchuluka kwa vacuum panthawi yoyenga kumakhala pakati pa 10-1 mpaka 10-4 mbar. Ubwino wina wa zitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito vacuum ndi:
Kusungunuka pansi pa mpweya wopanda mpweya kumalepheretsa kupangika kwa zinthu zopanda chitsulo zomwe zili mu oxide ndipo kumaletsa kukhuthala kwa zinthu zosinthika.
Kukwaniritsa kulekerera kwapafupi kwambiri kwa zinthu ndi mpweya
Kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri za nthunzi
Kuchotsa mpweya wosungunuka - mpweya, haidrojeni, nayitrogeni
Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka aloyi kolondola komanso kofanana komanso kutentha kosungunuka
Kusungunula mu vacuum kumachotsa kufunika kophimba slag yoteteza ndipo kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuipitsidwa mwangozi kwa slag kapena zinthu zina zomwe zili mu ingot.
Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito za zitsulo monga dephosphorization ndi desulphurization ndizochepa. VIM metallurgy imayang'ana kwambiri pa zochitika zomwe zimadalira kupanikizika, monga momwe kaboni, mpweya, nayitrogeni ndi haidrojeni zimachitira. Kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza, zofooka, monga antimony, tellurium, selenium ndi bismuth, mu uvuni wa vacuum induction ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kuyang'anira bwino momwe mpweya wochuluka umakhudzira mphamvu ya mpweya kuti uchotse poizoni ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha kusinthasintha kwa njira pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya VIM popanga ma superalloys. Zipangizo zina kupatula ma superalloys zimachotsedwa, kuchotsedwa sulfure kapena kusungunuka m'zitofu zotulutsira mpweya kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira ndikutsimikizira katundu wa zinthuzo. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kwakukulu kwa zinthu zambiri zosafunikira, zimatha kuchepetsedwa kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri posungunuka panthawi yosungunuka kwa mpweya, makamaka ma alloys omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu. Pa ma alloys osiyanasiyana omwe ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba kwambiri, ng'anjo yotulutsira mpweya ya vacuum ndiyo njira yoyenera kwambiri yosungunulira.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi dongosolo la VIM kuti zipange zosungunuka zoyera:
Kuwongolera mlengalenga ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa madzi otuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka
Kusankha zinthu zokhazikika zotsutsana ndi chitsulo chophwanyika
Kusakaniza ndi kusinthasintha pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosakaniza kapena wotsuka wamagetsi
Kuwongolera kutentha koyenera kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoyipa ndi kusungunuka
Njira zoyenera zochotsera zinyalala ndi kusefa panthawi yopangira zinthu
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yotsukira ndi yotsukira kuti muchotse bwino okosijeni.