Nkhani

Pankhani yokonza zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makina osungunula zinthu kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi ndalama zopangira, nthawi yoperekera zinthu, komanso mpikisano pamsika wa mabizinesi. Monga chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makina osungunula zinthu kungabweretse kusintha kwakukulu pa ntchito yonse yopangira zitsulo. Zotsatirazi zifotokoza njira zothandiza komanso mfundo zazikulu zowongolera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kudzera mumakina osungunula.

1.Kusankha zida ndi kukonzekera koyambirira

(1) Kusankha kolondola:Sankhani makina osungunula oyenera kutengera kukula kwa kupanga, mitundu ndi kulemera kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimakonzedwa nthawi zambiri. Poyamba pa malo ogwirira ntchito ang'onoang'ono, ngati kukonza zodzikongoletsera zagolide ndiye cholinga chachikulu ndipo mphamvu yokonza si yayikulu, makina ang'onoang'ono osungunula golide okhala ndi mphamvu ya 1-3kW angasankhidwe. Amatentha mwachangu, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndipo amatha kuwongolera molondola kusungunuka kwa golide wochepa; Mafakitale akuluakulu okongoletsera zodzikongoletsera, omwe akukumana ndi kupangidwa kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga platinamu ndi palladium, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungunula apakatikati okhala ndi mphamvu yoposa 5kW kapena kupitirira apo kuti atsimikizire kuti zipangizo zopangira zazikulu zimatha kusungunuka mwachangu komanso mofanana ndi kutentha, kupewa kusungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mphamvu zosakwanira.

(2)Kapangidwe ka tsamba:Ikani malo odziyimira pawokha, opumira bwino, komanso ouma a makina osungunula, kutali ndi zinthu zoyaka moto komanso zophulika. Kumbali imodzi, mpweya wabwino ukhoza kutulutsa mpweya wochepa woopsa womwe umapangidwa panthawi yosungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali ndi thanzi labwino; Kumbali ina, malo ouma amatha kuletsa zida zamagetsi kuti zisanyowe komanso kuti zisayende mwachangu, kusunga magwiridwe antchito a zida, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito chifukwa cha zolakwika. Nthawi yomweyo, konzani malo oyikamo zinthu zopangira ndi zida moyenera kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikuyenda bwino mozungulira makina osungunula, monga kukonza zophimba, nkhungu, ndi zina zotero kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta komanso kusunga nthawi yobwerera kuti zinthuzo zipezeke.

2.Kukonza bwino njira yogwirira ntchito

(1) Kukonza zinthu zopangira:Musanayike mu makina osungunula, yeretsani mosamala zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachitsulo kuti muchotse madontho a mafuta pamwamba, zinyalala, ma oxide, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, pukutani chipika chagolide ndi chotsukira chachitsulo chofewa, kenako muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera ndikuwumitsa. Izi sizimangoteteza zinyalala kuti zisalowe mu kusungunuka ndikukhudza kuyera kwake, komanso zimafulumizitsa kusungunuka chifukwa zitsulo zoyera zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso zimasamutsa kutentha bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kusungunuka kumalizidwe mphindi zingapo zisanachitike. Pazinthu zolemera, ngati kukula kwake kuli kwakukulu, kuphwanya kapena kudula koyenera m'zidutswa zazing'ono kungapangitse malo olumikizirana ndi malo otentha, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti kusungunuka kufulumizitse.

(2) Kuwongolera kutentha kolondola:Konzani kutentha kwa makina osungunula molondola kutengera malo osungunula a zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Ngati malo osungunula a siliva ndi 961.78 ℃, kutentha kuyenera kulamulidwa bwino pakati pa 960-970 ℃ panthawi yotenthetsera, zomwe sizimangoletsa siliva kuti isatuluke ndi kutaya zinthu zopangira chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, komanso zimawonetsetsa kuti imatha kusungunuka mwachangu kukhala madzi ofanana. Makina osungunula apamwamba amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zanzeru zowongolera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito masensa olondola kwambiri kuti aziyang'anira kutentha nthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha mphamvu yotenthetsera kudzera mu mayankho; Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe makina owongolera kutentha amagwirira ntchito, ndikusintha kutengera zomwe akumana nazo kuti atsimikizire kuti chitsulo chosungunuka chili pamalo abwino kwambiri panthawi yonseyi, kuchepetsa nthawi yosagwira ntchito yosungunula mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.

(3) Kuyang'anira njira yosungunula:Pa nthawi yosungunula, yang'anani bwino momwe chitsulo chosungunuka chilili ndikuyang'ana zinthu zolimba kapena thovu losasungunuka kudzera pawindo lowonera la makina osungunula. Zinthu zikangoyamba kusokonekera, monga kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapanga chipolopolo cholimba chomwe chimalepheretsa kusungunuka, kutentha kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kusungunuka kuyenera kusunthidwa ndi manja kapena kusintha njira yotenthetsera; Ngati pali thovu, onani ngati zinthu zopangirazo ndi zonyowa kapena ngati pali ming'alu yaying'ono mu chotenthetsera chomwe chimayamwa mpweya, ndikuzithetsa mosamala kuti mupewe kukonzanso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zolakwika zomwe zili ndi mabowo a mpweya panthawi yopangira, kuonetsetsa kuti kupangidwa kamodzi kokha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse.

3.Kukonza ndi kugwirizana kwa ogwira ntchito

(1) Kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku:Mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito, dikirani kuti makina osungunula azizire, yeretsani zitsulo zotsala mkati ndi kunja kwa chotsukira, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa yofewa kuti muyeretse fumbi pa thupi la makina, makamaka pamalo opumira mpweya ndi malo olumikizira magetsi, kuti fumbi lisakhudze kutentha ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Yang'anani nthawi zonse zigawo zofunika monga zinthu zotenthetsera, makina owongolera kutentha, ndi zigawo zotumizira, sinthani zigawo zosatetezeka monga mawaya otenthetsera ndi ma thermocouples malinga ndi zofunikira pamanja pa chipangizocho, onetsetsani kuti zidazo zili bwino nthawi zonse, ndipo pewani kulephera mwadzidzidzi ndi kuzimitsa panthawi yopanga kuti zikonzedwe.

(2)Maphunziro ndi mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito:Perekani maphunziro aukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina osungunula kuti amvetsetse bwino mfundo za zida, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi malamulo achitetezo. Ogwira ntchito aluso amatha kulosera mavuto osungunula ndikusintha magawo mosinthasintha kutengera zomwe akumana nazo, pomwe oyamba kumene angakumane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachepetsa kupita patsogolo chifukwa cha ntchito yosayenera. Nthawi yomweyo, ogwira ntchito mu gawo lililonse lopanga zinthu amagwira ntchito limodzi. Kusungunula golide kukatha, kukonzekera kwa nkhungu, kuthira ndi njira zina kumalumikizidwa bwino, kuchepetsa nthawi kuchokera ku zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zamadzimadzi kupita ku zinthu zopangidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mwayi wodyetsa mwachangu makina osungunula kuti apange bwino kwambiri.

4.Kukweza ukadaulo ndi mapulogalamu atsopano

(1) Kusintha kwa makina:Yambitsani njira yowongolera yokha kuti mufikire kulumikizana pakati pa makina osungunula ndi njira zotulutsira pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosungunuka chikafika pamlingo wokhazikika ndi momwe chimakhalira, chipangizo chotsegulira ndi kuthira nkhungu chimayambitsidwa chokha kuti chithire molondola komanso mochuluka, kuchepetsa nthawi ndi kutayika kwa kutentha kwa kusamutsa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi manja, kuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu, kukonza kukhazikika kwa chinthucho, kupanga njira yotulutsira kukhala yaying'ono komanso yogwirizana, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.

(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zophikira:Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zoyeretsera zotenthetsera, zotenthetsera kutentha, komanso zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, monga graphite composite crucible, posungunula zitsulo za gulu la platinamu. Poyerekeza ndi zoyeretsera zachikhalidwe, zimakhala ndi kutentha kwachangu, zimatenthetsa mwachangu, zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo zimachepetsa kusintha ndi kutseka kwa zoyeretsera pafupipafupi. Zingathenso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali pakhoma la zoyeretsera, ndikuwonjezera bwino momwe golide wosungunuka umagwirira ntchito komanso kupangidwanso pambuyo pake kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Kudzera mu njira zambiri monga kusankha zida, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kukonza, ndi kupanga zatsopano zaukadaulo, mabizinesi opanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali akuyembekezeka kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito opanga, kuonekera bwino pamsika, ndikuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso chitukuko chapamwamba pofufuza kuthekera kwa ntchito.makina osungunula.