Nkhani

Mu gawo la kukonza golide, kulondola kwakuponyera mipiringidzo yagolideimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi khalidwe la malonda ndi mtengo wake pamsika. Monga zida zapamwamba kwambiri mumakampani, makina ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi golide omwe amapangidwa okha asintha kwambiri kulondola kwa kuponyera kwa golide pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano komanso zomangamanga zolondola, zomwe zakhala zothandiza kwambiri mabizinesi ambiri opangira golide. Kenako, tidzafufuza chinsinsi chowongolera kulondola kwa kuponyera.

​

1.Kapangidwe ka maziko: kuyika maziko a kulondola

(a)1）Dongosolo la nkhungu lolondola kwambiri

Chifaniziro cha makina ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi golide omwe amapangidwa okha ndi omwe amatha kuonedwa ngati gawo la "moyo" wa zida zonse. Chifanizirocho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chapadera, chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana bwino kuvulala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, chifanizirocho nthawi zonse chimatha kusunga mawonekedwe ndi kukula kokhazikika, kupewa kusintha kwa nkhungu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kupindika, motero kuonetsetsa kukula kolondola komanso kolondola kwa mipiringidzo yagolide panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, chifaniziro cha makina odziwika bwino ogwiritsira ntchito ingot casting chimadutsa mu njira yapadera yochizira kutentha kuti chiwongolere kuchuluka kwake kogwiritsa ntchito kutentha mkati mwa malo ochepa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa maulendo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kusiyana kwa kukula kwa chifanizirocho kumatha kunyalanyazidwa, kupereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha kulondola kwa kugwiritsira ntchito mipiringidzo yagolide.​

Kukonza pamwamba pa nkhungu n'kofunika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wopukuta magalasi, kusalala kwa pamwamba pa nkhungu kumatheka kwambiri. Kusalala kwa pamwamba pa nkhungu kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa madzi a golide panthawi yodzaza, kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa madzi, motero kumawonjezera kusalala ndi kusalala kwa pamwamba pa ndodo yagolide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndodo yagolide iwoneke yolondola.​

(a)2）Njira yolondola yotumizira ndi kuyiyika

Makina oponyera ingot ali ndi makina otumizira olondola kwambiri, omwe ali ndi ma servo motors, ma screws a mpira olondola, ndi ma guide rails amphamvu kwambiri. Ma Servo motors amatha kupereka mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yolondola, kusintha kayendedwe ka injini kukhala kolunjika kudzera mu ma screws a mpira kuti akwaniritse kutsegula, kutseka, ndi malo oyenera a nkhungu. Chingwe chotsogolera chimatsimikizira kusalala ndi kulondola kwa njira yoyendetsera, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kupotoka panthawi yoyendetsa.​

Mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yoponyera, kulondola kwa njira yotumizira ndi kuyimitsa zinthu kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa miyeso ya golide. Mwachitsanzo, poponya mipiringidzo yagolide yosiyanasiyana, kuwongolera molondola kwa mota ya servo kudzera mu dongosolo lowongolera kumatha kusintha mwachangu komanso molondola malo ndi mtunda wa nkhungu, kuonetsetsa kuti kuponyera kulikonse kumakwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika, ndikusunga zolakwika mu miyeso yofunika monga kutalika, m'lifupi, ndi makulidwe a mipiringidzo yagolide mkati mwa mtunda wochepa kwambiri.

2.Gawo logwira ntchito: Chinsinsi cha kulondola kowongolera

(a)1）Kupanga Malo Opanda Zinyalala ndi Kuyang'anira Gasi

①Kudzipatula kwa chidetso ndi chitsimikizo cha chiyero

Kupanga malo otayira vacuum ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kulondola kwa kutayira mipiringidzo yagolide. M'malo otayira achikhalidwe, fumbi, zinyalala, ndi mpweya mumlengalenga zimasakanizidwa mosavuta mu yankho la golide wosungunuka, zomwe sizimangosintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala agolide, komanso zimatha kupanga zolakwika monga ma pores ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa mipiringidzo yagolide, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuyera ndi mtundu wa mipiringidzo yagolide. Makina ang'onoang'ono otayira vacuum ingot odzipangira okha ali ndi pampu yotayira vacuum yapamwamba, yomwe imatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa ingot mpaka kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kufika pa 10⁻Pascals kapena ngakhale otsika. Mu malo otere otayira mpweya, mwayi wa zinyalala mumlengalenga kukhudzana ndi yankho la golide umachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide akhale woyera kuchokera ku gwero ndikukhazikitsa maziko olimba a kuponyera kolondola kwambiri.​

②Kutulutsa mpweya ndi kukonza bwino khalidwe

Pa nthawi yosungunula ndi kuponyera golide, golideyo imatulutsa mpweya wina. Ngati siitulutsidwa pakapita nthawi, mpweya umenewu umapanga ma pores mkati mwa golide, zomwe zimawononga kapangidwe kake ka mkati ndikukhudza kufanana kwa kachulukidwe kake ndi mphamvu zake zamagetsi. Dongosolo la vacuum la makina oponyera ingot silingopanga malo otsika mphamvu, komanso nthawi zonse komanso bwino kutulutsa mpweya wotuluka mu golide. Kudzera mu ntchito yogwirizana ya njira yotulutsira utsi yokonzedwa bwino komanso pampu yotulutsira utsi yogwira ntchito bwino, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mpweyawo watulutsidwa kwathunthu golideyo asanaume, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa zolakwika monga ma pores, potero zimakweza ubwino wamkati ndi kulondola kwa golide.

​

(a)2）Dongosolo lolondola lowongolera kutentha

①Kulamulira molondola kutentha kwa kusungunuka

Kutentha kwa golide wosungunuka ndi pafupifupi madigiri 1064℃, koma mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yopangira, kuwongolera molondola kutentha kosungunuka ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti yankho la golide ndi lofanana komanso losasunthika. Makina ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi golide omwe amapangidwa okha ali ndi masensa otentha kwambiri komanso makina apamwamba owongolera kutentha. Sensa yotenthetsera imatha kuyang'anira kutentha kwa golide nthawi yeniyeni komanso molondola, ndi kulondola kwa± 1 ℃kapena kupitirira apo. Dongosolo lowongolera kutentha limakonza mphamvu yotenthetsera molondola kudzera mu ma algorithms anzeru kutengera momwe deta ya kutentha imayankhira kuchokera ku masensa, kuonetsetsa kuti golide akusungunuka bwino pa kutentha komwe kwakhazikitsidwa ndikupewa kuzizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa yankho la golide komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa yankho la golide musanalowe mu chikombole, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko olimba a zinthu zopangira zinthu zolondola kwambiri.​

②Kukonza bwino kutentha kwa nthaka panthawi yolimbitsa nthaka

Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha koyenera kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti mipiringidzo yagolide ndi yolondola panthawi yolimbitsa. Makina oponyera a ingot amawongolera bwino liwiro lozizira ndi kuzizira kwa nkhungu kudzera mu dongosolo lanzeru lowongolera kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lozizira mofulumira pansi pa nkhungu kumalola golide kulimba bwino kuchokera pansi, pomwe kusintha liwiro lozizira moyenera m'mbali ndi pamwamba kuti apange kutentha koyenera kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi komanso kuchokera kunja kupita mkati. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kolamulidwa bwino kumeneku kumatha kulimbikitsa dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino la maatomu a golide, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwamkati ndi zolakwika zamakristalo, kukonza kufanana kwa kachulukidwe ndi kulimba kwa kapangidwe ka mkati kwa mipiringidzo ya golide, motero kumawonjezera kwambiri kulondola kwa kuponyera kwa mipiringidzo ya golide.

3.Dongosolo Lolamulira Lanzeru: Chitsimikizo Cholondola Kwambiri

(a)1）Kuwunika kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi kusintha kwa mayankho

Dongosolo lanzeru lowongolera makina ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi vacuum ingot casting ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi golide bar okha ndi ofanana ndi "ubongo" wa chipangizocho, chomwe chimatha kuyang'anira magawo angapo ofunikira nthawi yeniyeni panthawi yopangira, kuphatikiza kutentha, kupanikizika, digiri ya vacuum, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe a golide, ndi zina zotero. Magawo awa amatumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni ku dongosolo lowongolera kudzera m'masensa omwe amagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana ofunikira a chipangizocho. Dongosolo lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms apamwamba osanthula deta kuti achite kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwunika magawo omwe asonkhanitsidwa. Magawo akangosiyana ndi mtundu woyenera wokonzedweratu, dongosololi lidzasintha nthawi yomweyo magawo ogwirira ntchito a zida, monga kusintha mphamvu yotenthetsera, kuchuluka kwa kupopera kwa vacuum pump, kuchuluka kwa kuyenda kwa pampu yotumiza golide, ndi zina zotero, kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira yonse yoponyera nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwa kuponya kwa golide bar kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kogwirizana.​

(a)2）Kuzindikira zolakwika ndi njira yochenjeza

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti makina oponyera zitsulo a ingot akugwira ntchito bwino komanso molondola, makina owongolera anzeru ali ndi ntchito zamphamvu zowunikira zolakwika ndi machenjezo. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito zida, makinawo aziyang'anira mosalekeza ndikusanthula momwe gawo lililonse likugwirira ntchito. Ngati vuto lachilendo lapezeka mu gawo linalake, monga kulephera kwa sensa ya kutentha, kutuluka kwa pampu ya vacuum, kuwonongeka kwa gawo lotumizira, ndi zina zotero, makinawo amatha kuzindikira mwachangu mtundu ndi malo a vuto ndikudziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake kudzera mu ma alarm a mawu ndi kuwala, zidziwitso za SMS, ndi zina. Nthawi yomweyo, makinawo adzachitapo kanthu zadzidzidzi kutengera kuopsa kwa vutolo, monga kuchepetsa liwiro logwiritsira ntchito zida, kuyimitsa njira yoponyera, kapena kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi, kuti apewe kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa kuponyera kapena ngakhale zinyalala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zida, kupereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha kuponyera zitsulo zagolide molondola kwambiri.

​

Kachidutswa kakang'ono kagolide kodzipangira wekhamakina oponyera a ingot opangidwa ndi vacuumyapeza kusintha kwakukulu pakulondola kwa kuponyera mipiringidzo yagolide kudzera mu luso logwirizana komanso kapangidwe kolondola pa kapangidwe kake, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuwongolera mwanzeru. Maukadaulo apamwamba awa ndi malingaliro atsopano samangoyendetsa patsogolo ukadaulo mumakampani opangira golide, komanso amabweretsa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za mipiringidzo yagolide kwa ogula. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira chaukadaulo, tikukhulupirira kuti makina ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi vacuum ingot oponyera mipiringidzo yagolide okha adzapitiliza kukonza ndikusintha mtsogolo, ndikupanga phindu lalikulu kumakampani opangira golide.​