Nkhani

Mumsika wachitsulo chamtengo wapatali, nyemba zagolide zakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe amaika ndalama chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, kusunthika, komanso kusavuta kugulitsa. Kwa makampani opanga nyemba zagolide, momwe angapangire bwino komanso mokhazikika nyemba zambiri zagolide zapamwamba ndiye chinsinsi chokweza mpikisano pamsika. Makina oponyera a vacuum ingot, monga zida zapamwamba zoponyera, pang'onopang'ono ayamba kutchuka pakupanga nyemba zagolide. Ndiye, kodi makina oponyera a vacuum ingot angakwaniritse bwino cholinga chopanga nyemba zambiri zagolide? Kenako, tidzafufuza kusanthula kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana.

1. Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi ukadaulo wofunikira wamakina oponyera a ingot opangidwa ndi vacuum

(a)1）Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

 Kugwira ntchito kwa makina oponyera zitsulo za vacuum ingot kumadalira njira yokhwima komanso yolondola. Choyamba, ikani zinthu zopangira golide m'chipinda chosungunula cha makina oponyera zitsulo za vacuum ingot. Chotsani mpweya mwachangu m'chipinda chosungunula kudzera mu pampu ya vacuum, ndikupanga malo osungira mpweya wambiri. Gawoli cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya okosijeni ya okosijeni pa zinthu zopangira golide. Pambuyo pake, mpweya wopanda mphamvu monga argon umadzazidwa m'chipinda chosungunula kuti uperekenso chotchinga choteteza madzi agolide. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotenthetsera bwino monga kutentha kwa induction, zinthu zopangira golide zimatenthedwa mofulumira pamwamba pa malo ake osungunuka pakapita nthawi yochepa, ndikusungunuka kukhala madzi.

Madzi agolide akafika pa kutentha koyenera kwa kuponyera ndipo ali ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, mothandizidwa ndi makina oponyera opangidwa bwino, madzi agolidewo amalowetsedwa molondola komanso mwachangu mu nkhungu zingapo zokonzedwa kale. Madzi agolidewo akamazizira ndikulimba mkati mwa nkhungu, nyemba zagolide zowumbidwa zimabadwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

(a)2）Zinthu zazikulu zaukadaulo

1.Dongosolo lolamulira lanzeru:

Makina apamwamba oponyera vacuum ali ndi makina owongolera anzeru kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ozikidwa pa ukadaulo wa programmable logic controller (PLC). Wogwiritsa ntchito amangofunika kuyika magawo okonzedweratu pa mawonekedwe owongolera, dinani batani loyambira, ndipo zida zimatha kumaliza ntchito yonse kuyambira pakusungunula zinthu zopangira, kuponyera mpaka kupanga ingot.

Kulamulira kwanzeru kumeneku sikuti kumangochepetsa kwambiri zofunikira pa luso la ogwira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito manja, komanso kumatsimikizira kuti kupanga nyemba zagolide kumachitika bwino kwambiri, ndikukhazikitsa maziko olimba opangira nyemba zambiri zagolide moyenera komanso mokhazikika.

2.Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha vacuum ndi mpweya wopanda mpweya:

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zotetezera za vacuum ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito, chizolowezi cha okosijeni cha golide panthawi yosungunuka ndi kuponyedwa chimachepetsedwa bwino. Izi sizimangowonjezera chiyero cha nyemba zagolide kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wa zolakwika monga ma pores ndi kuchepa pamwamba pa nyemba zagolide.

Nyemba zagolide zimakhala ndi malo osalala komanso okhazikika komanso odalirika, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri pamsika pazinthu zamtengo wapatali zamtengo wapatali. Zinthu zapamwamba zimathandiza kukulitsa chithunzi cha kampani komanso mpikisano pamsika, pomwe zimachepetsa kukonzanso ndi kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mavuto a khalidwe la zinthu, komanso mwanjira ina zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito opanga.

3.Kuwongolera kutentha ndi kayendedwe kolondola:

Kuwongolera molondola kutentha ndi kuyenda kwa golide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti nyemba zagolide ndizabwino komanso zogwira mtima. Makina oponyera vacuum ingot ali ndi masensa otentha kwambiri komanso ma valve owongolera kuyenda, omwe amatha kuyang'anira ndikusintha molondola kutentha ndi kuyenda kwa chitsulo chosungunuka nthawi yeniyeni. Panthawi yosungunuka, kulondola kwa kuwongolera kutentha kumatha kufika± 1 ℃, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi agolide nthawi zonse amakhala mkati mwa kutentha koyenera kwa kuponyera.

Mu ndondomeko yoponyera, valavu yowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi imatha kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi agolide malinga ndi kuchuluka ndi zofunikira za nkhungu, kuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwake ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyemba iliyonse yagolide ndi kolondola. Mphamvu yowongolera yolondola iyi imalola makina oponyera vacuum ingot kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima popanga nyemba zambiri zagolide.

4.Njira yoziziritsira yogwira ntchito bwino: 

Pofuna kufulumizitsa liwiro la kuumba nyemba zagolide ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira, makina oponyera vacuum ingot ali ndi njira yoziziritsira yogwira mtima. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woziziritsira madzi kapena woziziritsa mpweya, womwe ungachotse kutentha kwa chitsulo chosungunuka mu nkhungu mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitsulo chosungunuka chizizire ndikulimba pakapita nthawi yochepa.

Potengera njira yoziziritsira madzi mwachitsanzo, mwa kukonza bwino mapangidwe a mapaipi oziziritsira ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, nthawi yozizira ya nyemba zagolide ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a njira zachikhalidwe. Kuziziritsa mwachangu sikuti kumangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito opangira, komanso kumawonjezera kapangidwe ka mkati mwa nyemba zagolide, ndikuwonjezeranso ubwino wa zinthu.

2.Kusanthula kwa ubwino wa makina oponyera a vacuum ingot popanga nyemba zambiri zagolide

(a)1）Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito bwino popanga zinthu

1.Njira yofulumira yosungunula ndi kuponyera: 

Ukadaulo wapamwamba wotenthetsera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina oponyera vacuum ingot, monga kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, ukhoza kutentha zinthu zagolide mpaka kufika posungunuka munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zotenthetsera zotsutsana, nthawi yosungunuka imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kupitirira 50%. Mwachitsanzo, makina ena oponyera vacuum amphamvu kwambiri amatha kusungunula ng'anjo ya zinthu zopangira golide (nthawi zambiri makilogalamu angapo mpaka makilogalamu makumi) mumphindi 3-5 zokha.

Pochita kuponyera, chipangizo choponyera champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chili ndi zida zoponyera chingalowetse madzi agolide mofanana mu nkhungu zingapo m'masekondi opitilira khumi. Ngati nkhungu ili ndi zipinda 50 zopangira nyemba zagolide ndipo imaponyedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina oponyera a vacuum ingot, nthawi yofunikira kuti mumalize ntchito imodzi yoponyera ikhoza kukhala masekondi 15 okha, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri kupanga nyemba zagolide pa nthawi iliyonse.

2.Mphamvu yopangira yopitilira patsogolo kwambiri: 

Makina ambiri oponyera vacuum ingot amatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Bola ngati zinthu zopangira zikuperekedwa mosalekeza, makina ozizira akugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kukonza zida nthawi zonse, kupanga kosalekeza kwa maola 24 kungatheke.

Khalidwe lopanga mosalekeza ili lili ndi ubwino waukulu pochita ndi maoda akuluakulu opanga nyemba zagolide. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani yopanga nyemba zagolide yapakatikati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, makina oponyera zitsulo okhala ndi mphamvu zopangira mosalekeza agwiritsidwa ntchito, kupanga nyemba zagolide tsiku lililonse kumatha kufika zikwi kapena makumi ambiri, zomwe zingakwaniritse mwachangu kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika.

3.Kapangidwe ka nkhungu kamitundu yambiri:

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lopanga nyemba zagolide, makina ena oponyera vacuum amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe katsopano ka nkhungu m'mabowo ambiri. Mabowo ambirimbiri kapena mazana ambiri a golide amatha kuyikidwa mu nkhungu imodzi, ndipo nyemba zambiri zagolide zitha kupezeka nthawi imodzi mu nkhungu imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe ena apamwamba a nkhungu amatha kupanga nyemba zagolide 100-200 mu nkhungu imodzi. Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe achikhalidwe a single-mode kapena ochepa a mabowo, kapangidwe kameneka ka multi-mode cavity kakwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa geometric mu kupanga bwino, ndikukweza kwambiri kukula kwa kupanga ndi liwiro la nyemba zagolide.

(a)2）Ubwino wa khalidwe la malonda

1.Kuyera kwambiri komanso chilema chochepa: 

Chifukwa cha chitetezo chambiri cha vacuum ndi mpweya wopanda mphamvu, nyemba zagolide zopangidwa ndi makina oponyera vacuum ingot zimakhala zoyera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimafika 99.99% kapena kupitirira apo. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chopewa bwino okosijeni ndi zinyalala, pamwamba pa nyemba zagolide sipakhala zolakwika zodziwika bwino monga ma pores, ma pores ocheperako, mabowo amchenga, ndi zina zotero, ndipo kusalala kwa pamwamba ndi kwabwino kwambiri.

Nyemba zagolide zabwino kwambiri sizimangooneka zokongola zokha, komanso zimatha kugulitsidwa pamitengo yokwera pamsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi apeze phindu lalikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo chochepa chimatanthauza chiwopsezo chochepa cha zinthu zolakwika ndi kukonzanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopanga ikhale yogwira mtima komanso phindu la zachuma.

2.Kulondola kwa miyeso ndi kulemera kwake:

Themakina oponyera a ingot opangidwa ndi vacuumZimaonetsetsa kuti nyemba iliyonse yagolide ndi yolondola komanso yofanana ndi kulemera kwake panthawi yopangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera kutentha, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi, komanso kapangidwe kapamwamba ka nkhungu.

Kaya ndi kupanga kwakukulu kapena kusintha pang'ono, zolakwika mu kukula monga kukula ndi makulidwe a nyemba zagolide zomwe zimapangidwa zimatha kulamulidwa mkati mwa mtunda wochepa kwambiri, ndipo kusiyana kwa kulemera kumathanso kulamulidwa pamlingo wa milligram. Mlingo wapamwamba uwu wolondola kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa kulemera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga nyemba zagolide zomwe zimayikidwa ndalama ndi nyemba zagolide zomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera. Zitha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za makasitomala pazofunikira za malonda ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wa mabizinesi m'malo apamwamba awa amsika.

(a)3）Ubwino wowongolera mtengo

1. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kutayika kwa zinthu zopangira:

Kusungunula ndi kuponya kumachitika pamalo opanda mpweya, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zopangira golide zisatayike bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yolondola yoponyera imatha kulowetsa madzi agolide molondola mu nkhungu, kuchepetsa kupopera ndi kutaya madzi a golide. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira golide popanga nyemba za golide kungachepetse kutayika kwa zinthu zopangira ndi 10% -15% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoponyera. Pakapita nthawi, izi zipulumutsa makampani ndalama zambiri zogulira zinthu zopangira.

2.Kukonza zida moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera: 

Ngakhale mtengo woyamba wogulira makina oponyera vacuum ingot ndi wokwera, uli ndi ntchito zodziwunikira zokha komanso zochenjeza zolakwika, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo pazida ndikuchita kukonza, kuchepetsa mwayi woti zida ziwonongeke mwadzidzidzi, komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso ndalama zokonzera zomwe zimadza chifukwa chokonza zida.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kosalekeza, kapangidwe ka makina oponyera vacuum ingot kakuyang'ana kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zinthu zotenthetsera bwino, makina ozizira bwino, ndi makina oyendetsera mphamvu anzeru akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa panthawi yogwira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira mabizinesi.

Mapeto

Kudzera mu kusanthula mozama mfundo yogwirira ntchito, makhalidwe aukadaulo, ubwino wopanga, ndi momwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina oponyera zitsulo zotayira zitsulo zotayira zitsulo amagwirira ntchito, zitha kutsimikizika kuti makina oponyera zitsulo zotayira zitsulo zotayira zitsulo zotayira zitsulo awonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso zabwino zazikulu pakukwaniritsa zolinga zopangira nyemba zambiri zagolide.

Ponena za kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kupanga, zinthu monga kusungunuka ndi kuponyedwa mwachangu, mphamvu yopangira mosalekeza, ndi kapangidwe ka malo otseguka m'njira zambiri zimathandiza kuti ipange nyemba zambiri zagolide munthawi yochepa; Ponena za khalidwe la chinthu, kuyera kwambiri, chiwopsezo chochepa, komanso kulondola kwabwino kwambiri komanso kulemera kwake zimathandizira kuti Jindou ikhale yabwino kwambiri; Ponena za kuwongolera ndalama, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kuchepa kwa kutayika kwa zinthu zopangira, komanso ndalama zoyendetsera bwino zosamalira zida ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zimathandiza mabizinesi kukhala ndi phindu lalikulu pazachuma akamagwiritsa ntchitomakina oponyera a ingot opangidwa ndi vacuum opangira nyemba zagolide.