Mayankho

Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndalama zasiliva zasintha kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Ndalama zasiliva zinapangidwa koyamba mu ufumu wakale wa Lydia zaka zoposa 2,000 zapitazo. Njira yopangira ndalama zakale inali yosavuta. Choyamba, chidutswa chaching'ono cha golide, siliva, kapena mkuwa chinkayikidwa pa choyikapo ndalama choyikidwa pamwamba ngati mwala. Kenako wantchitoyo ankatenga choyikapo ndalama china, n’kuchiyika pamwamba, n’kuchimenya ndi nyundo yaikulu.

Akatswiri a ku Middle Ages ankagwiritsa ntchito ma disc ozungulira achitsulo ndi screw press popanga ndalamazo. Ngakhale kuti izi zinali njira yogwiritsira ntchito manja, zinali zosavuta ndipo zinkapereka khalidwe logwirizana kuposa njira yakale yopangira zinthu.

Ndalama zamakono zimapangidwa ndi makina osindikizira a hydraulic coining omwe amalowetsa zokha malo obisika mu makinawo. Makinawo akamagwira ntchito mokwanira, makinawo amatha kupanga ndalama zoposa 600 pamphindi. Liwiro limeneli ndi lofunikira pa ntchito ngati United States Mint, yomwe imayenera kupanga ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse.

Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yovuta chifukwa cha makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri, pali njira zingapo zomwe timbewu ta ...

1. Kukumba Zipangizo Zopangira

Ntchito yopangira zinthu imayamba ndi kukumba zinthu zopangira. Migodi yochokera ku United States konse ndi padziko lonse lapansi imapereka golide, siliva, mkuwa, kapena zitsulo zina zofunika. Chitsulo chosaphika chomwe chimapezeka m'migodi iyi chili ndi zinthu zosafunika zomwe siziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndalama.

Kuwonjezera pa migodi ya miyala kuti apeze chitsulo chofunikira, United States Mint imagwiritsanso ntchito zitsulo zobwezerezedwanso zomwe zabwezedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Magwero amenewa akuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe sizingathenso "kupangidwa" ndipo zimachotsedwa kuti zisayendetsedwe. M'malo mwake, zimabwezedwa ku timbewu ta timbewu, komwe zimabwezerezedwanso kukhala ndalama zatsopano.

2. Kuyeretsa, Kusungunula, ndi Kuponya
Chitsulo chosaphika chimayengedwa kuti chichotse zonyansa zonse. Ndalama zina zimafuna aloyi ya mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo ya zitsulo. Chitsulo choyengedwacho chimasungunuka, ndipo zitsulo zosiyanasiyana monga momwe zimafunikira malinga ndi zofunikira zimawonjezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, United States Mint imapanga ndalama zake za masenti asanu kuchokera ku 75 peresenti ya mkuwa ndi 25 peresenti ya nickel alloy.

Chitsulocho chikapezeka choyera kapena chosakaniza choyenera, chimaponyedwa mu ingot. Izi ndi zitsulo zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo chokwanira monga momwe zimafunikira ndi timbewu. Chitsulocho chimawunikidwa panthawi yonseyi kuti zitsimikizire kuti chapezeka choyera choyenera.

3. Kugubuduza
Njira yozungulira ingot mpaka kukula koyenera ikhoza kukhala yayitali komanso yovuta. Ingot imazunguliridwa pakati pa ma roller awiri olimba achitsulo omwe akuyandikirana nthawi zonse. Njirayi idzapitirira mpaka ingot itazunguliridwa kukhala mzere wachitsulo womwe ndi makulidwe oyenera a ndalama zomwe zikupangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yozungulira imafewetsa chitsulocho ndikusintha kapangidwe ka molekyulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chimenyedwe mosavuta ndikupanga ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri.

Ngati ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi alloy, chimayenera kupangidwa ndi annealing musanachotsedwe.

4. Kutsegula
Kampani ya ku United States Mint imagwiritsa ntchito mipukutu yachitsulo yomwe ili ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 13 m'lifupi ndipo imalemera mapaundi zikwi zingapo. Mpukutu wachitsulo umatsegulidwa ndikuphwanyika kuti uchotse kupindika kwa njira yopangira. Kenako umadutsa mumakina omwe amabowola ma disc achitsulo omwe tsopano ndi makulidwe oyenera ndi kukula kwa ndalama zomwe zikupangidwa.

5. Kulemba mikwingwirima
Mpaka pano, njira yopangira zinthu zopangira zitsulo ndi yodetsedwa ndipo imayendetsedwa pamalo ovuta. N'zotheka kuti zidutswa zazing'ono zachitsulo zisakanizidwe ndi ndalama zopanda kanthu. Makina olembera mikwingwirima amalekanitsa malo opanda kanthu oyenera ndi zinthu zina zakunja zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi ndalama zopanda kanthu.

6. Kuyeretsa ndi Kuphimba
Kenako timbewu timadutsa ndalamazo mu uvuni wophikira kuti chitsulocho chifewetsedwe pokonzekera kumenyedwa. Kenako tinthuto timayikidwa mu bafa la mankhwala kuti tichotse mafuta ndi dothi lililonse lomwe lingakhale pamwamba pa ndalamazo. Zinthu zilizonse zakunja zimatha kulowa mu ndalamazo panthawi yomenyedwa, ndipo ziyenera kutayidwa.

7. Kukhumudwitsa
Pofuna kuteteza kapangidwe kamene kadzajambulidwa pa ndalama yachitsulo yopanda kanthu, ndalama iliyonse yopanda kanthu imadutsa mu makina omwe ali ndi ma rollers omwe amachepa pang'ono ndipo amaika mkombero wachitsulo wokwezedwa mbali zonse ziwiri za ndalama yopanda kanthu. Njirayi imathandizanso kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama yopanda kanthu ndi ya diameter yoyenera kotero kuti idzagundana bwino mu makina osindikizira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, ndalama yopanda kanthu tsopano imatchedwa planchet.

8. Kupondaponda kapena Kugunda
Tsopano popeza ma planchet akonzedwa bwino, ofewa, komanso kutsukidwa, tsopano ali okonzeka kumenyedwa. Ndalama za bizinesi zimalowetsedwa zokha mu makina osindikizira ndalama pamlingo womwe ungafikire ndalama mazana angapo pamphindi. Ndalama zotsimikizira zomwe zimapangidwa kwa osonkhanitsa ndalama zimalowetsedwa ndi manja mu makina osindikizira ndalama ndipo zimalandira ndalama zosachepera kawiri pa ndalama iliyonse.

9. Kugawa
Ndalama zomwe zimapambana mayeso tsopano zakonzeka kugawidwa. Ndalama zomwe zagulidwa ndi mabizinesi zimayikidwa m'matumba osungiramo zinthu zambiri ndikutumizidwa kwa ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ndalama zosonkhanitsa zimayikidwa m'mabokosi apadera ndikutumizidwa kwa osonkhanitsa ndalama padziko lonse lapansi.