Mayankho

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO BWAWA

CHIKWANGWANI CHA MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA PA CHIDZIWITSO

Kodi Kugwirizanitsa Waya ndi Chiyani?

Kulumikiza waya ndi njira yomwe waya wofewa wachitsulo wochepa m'mimba mwake umalumikizidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chogwirizana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito solder, flux, ndipo nthawi zina pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kopitirira madigiri 150 Celsius. Zitsulo zofewa zimaphatikizapo Golide (Au), Mkuwa (Cu), Siliva (Ag), Aluminiyamu (Al) ndi ma alloys monga Palladium-Silver (PdAg) ndi zina.

Kumvetsetsa Njira ndi Njira Zolumikizira Mawaya pa Ntchito Zopangira Ma Micro Electronics.
Njira / Njira Zolumikizira Wedge: Riboni, Thermosonic Ball & Ultrasonic Wedge Bond
Kulumikiza mawaya ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati pa chipangizo cholumikizidwa (IC) kapena chipangizo chofanana cha semiconductor ndi phukusi kapena leadframe yake popanga. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri masiku ano popereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi mu ma assemblies a batri a Lithium-ion. Kulumikiza mawaya nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosinthasintha kwambiri pa ukadaulo wa microelectronic interconnect womwe ulipo, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphukusi ambiri a semiconductor omwe amapangidwa masiku ano. Pali njira zingapo zolumikizira mawaya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo: Kugwirizanitsa Mawaya ndi Thermo-Compression:
Kulumikiza waya pogwiritsa ntchito thermo-compression (kuphatikiza pamalo omwe angakhalepo (nthawi zambiri Au) pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolumikizira yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira 300°C, kuti apange weld), kunapangidwa koyamba m'ma 1950 kuti kulumikizane ndi ma microelectronics, komabe izi zinasinthidwa mwachangu ndi Ultrasonic & Thermosonic bonding m'ma 60 ngati ukadaulo waukulu wolumikizirana. Kugwirizanitsa kwa thermo-compression kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano, koma nthawi zambiri opanga amapewa chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu (nthawi zambiri kumawononga) mawonekedwe komwe kumafunika kuti apange mgwirizano wopambana. Ultrasonic Wedge Wire Bonding:
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, waya wolumikizirana wa Ultrasonic wedge unakhala njira yodziwika bwino yolumikizirana. Kugwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka kwa ma frequency ambiri (kudzera mu transducer yolumikizana) ku chida cholumikizirana ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana nthawi imodzi, kunalola kuti mawaya a Aluminiyamu ndi Golide azikulungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kugwedezeka kwa Ultrasonic kumeneku kumathandiza kuchotsa zodetsa (oxides, zonyansa, ndi zina zotero) kuchokera pamalo olumikizirana kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yolumikizirana, komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwa pakati pa zitsulo kuti zipitirire kukula ndikulimbitsa mgwirizano. Ma frequency wamba olumikizirana ndi 60 - 120 KHz. Njira ya ultrasonic wedge ili ndi ukadaulo waukulu wa njira ziwiri: Kulumikizana kwa waya kwakukulu (kolemera) kwa waya wa >100µm m'mimba mwake. Kulumikizana kwa waya kwabwino (kwang'ono) kwa waya wa <75µm m'mimba mwake. Zitsanzo za ma frequency wamba olumikizirana a Ultrasonic zitha kupezeka apa pa waya wopyapyala komanso apa pa waya wamkulu. Kulumikizana kwa waya wa Ultrasonic wedge kumagwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera cholumikizirana kapena "wedge," nthawi zambiri chopangidwa kuchokera ku Tungsten Carbide (ya waya wa Aluminiyamu) kapena Titanium Carbide (ya waya wagolide) kutengera zofunikira za njira ndi ma diameter a waya; Ma wedges okhala ndi tinthu ta ceramic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana amapezekanso. Kugwirizana kwa Waya wa Thermosonic:
Kumene kutentha kowonjezera kumafunika (nthawi zambiri pa waya wagolide, wokhala ndi ma bonding interfaces omwe ali pamtunda wa 100 - 250°C), njirayi imatchedwa Thermosonic wire bonding. Izi zili ndi ubwino waukulu kuposa njira yachikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito thermo-compression, chifukwa kutentha kochepa kwa ma interface kumafunika (Au bonding pa kutentha kwa chipinda kwatchulidwa koma m'machitidwe ake ndi kosadalirika popanda kutentha kowonjezera). Thermosonic Ball Bonding:
Mtundu wina wa mgwirizano wa waya wa Thermosonic ndi Ball Bonding (onani kuzungulira kwa mgwirizano wa mpira apa). Njira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito chida cholumikizira cha ceramic capillary pamwamba pa mapangidwe achikhalidwe a wedge kuti iphatikize makhalidwe abwino kwambiri mu thermo-compression ndi ultrasonic bonding popanda zovuta. Kugwedezeka kwa Thermosonic kumatsimikizira kuti kutentha kwa mawonekedwe kumakhalabe kotsika, pomwe kulumikizana koyamba, mgwirizano wa mpira wokakamizidwa ndi kutentha umalola waya ndi mgwirizano wachiwiri kuyikidwa mbali iliyonse, osati mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano woyamba, womwe ndi choletsa mu mgwirizano wa waya wa Ultrasonic. Pakupanga zokha komanso zochulukirapo, ma bond a mpira ndi othamanga kwambiri kuposa ma bond a Ultrasonic / Thermosonic (Wedge), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano wa mpira wa Thermosonic ukhale ukadaulo waukulu wolumikizirana mu ma microelectronics kwa zaka zoposa 50 zapitazi. Kugwirizana kwa Ribbon:
Kulumikiza riboni, pogwiritsa ntchito matepi achitsulo osalala, kwakhala kofala kwambiri mu zamagetsi a RF ndi Microwave kwa zaka zambiri (riboni imapereka kusintha kwakukulu pakutayika kwa chizindikiro [zotsatira za khungu] poyerekeza ndi waya wozungulira wamba). Riboni zazing'ono zagolide, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mpaka 75µm m'lifupi ndi 25µm makulidwe, zimalumikizidwa kudzera mu njira ya Thermosonic ndi chida chachikulu cholumikizira wedge chosalala. Riboni za aluminiyamu mpaka 2,000µm m'lifupi ndi 250µm makulidwe zimathanso kulumikizidwa ndi njira ya Ultrasonic wedge, chifukwa kufunikira kwa lower loop, high density interconnects kwawonjezeka.

Kodi waya wolumikizira golide ndi chiyani?

Kulumikiza waya wagolide ndi njira yomwe waya wagolide amamangiriridwa ku mfundo ziwiri mu msonkhano kuti apange kulumikizana kapena njira yoyendetsera magetsi. Kutentha, ma ultrasound, ndi mphamvu zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo olumikizira waya wagolide. Njira yopangira malo olumikizira imayamba ndi kupanga mpira wagolide kumapeto kwa chida cholumikizira waya, capillary. Mpira uwu umakanikizidwa pamwamba pa msonkhano wotenthedwa pamene ukugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito komanso pafupipafupi ya 60kHz - 152kHz ya kayendedwe ka ultrasound ndi chidacho. Chigwirizano choyamba chikapangidwa, wayayo idzasinthidwa mwamphamvu kuti ipange mawonekedwe oyenera a mawonekedwe a msonkhanowo. Chigwirizano chachiwiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa stitch, chimapangidwa pamwamba pa china pokanikiza pansi ndi waya ndikugwiritsa ntchito clamp kuti idule waya pa chigwirizanocho.

Kulumikiza waya wagolide kumapereka njira yolumikizirana mkati mwa mapaketi omwe amayendetsa magetsi kwambiri, pafupifupi kukula kwakukulu kuposa zosungunulira zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mawaya agolide ali ndi kulekerera kwakukulu kwa okosijeni poyerekeza ndi zida zina za waya ndipo ndi ofewa kuposa ambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamalo osavuta.
Njirayi ingasiyanenso kutengera zosowa za chipangizocho. Ndi zipangizo zobisika, mpira wagolide ukhoza kuyikidwa pamalo achiwiri olumikizirana kuti apange mgwirizano wolimba komanso mgwirizano "wofewa" kuti usawonongeke pamwamba pa chinthucho. Ndi malo opapatiza, mpira umodzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati poyambira ma bond awiri, kupanga mgwirizano wooneka ngati "V". Pamene cholumikizira cha waya chikufunika kukhala cholimba kwambiri, mpira ukhoza kuyikidwa pamwamba pa chosokera kuti upange cholumikizira chachitetezo, kuonjezera kukhazikika ndi mphamvu ya waya. Ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana pa cholumikizira cha waya ndizopanda malire ndipo zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yodziyimira payokha pamakina a Palomar a cholumikizira cha waya.