Nkhani

Mu makampani opanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali omwe ali ndi mpikisano waukulu, luso lamakono muukadaulo wopanga zinthu lakhala chinsinsi chopambana mabizinesi.Makina oponyera mosalekezaPang'onopang'ono akhala "okondedwa" kwambiri m'makampani ambiri achitsulo chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zabwino zawo zapadera. Ukadaulo uwu wopitiliza kuponyera madzi achitsulo otentha kwambiri m'mafotokozedwe enaake a castings umabweretsa zabwino zazikulu kwa mabizinesi kuyambira pakuchita bwino kwa kupanga mpaka mtundu wa malonda. Kenako, tifufuza mozama zifukwa zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.

1. Kupanga bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamsika

(1) Kupanga kosalekeza kumafupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yozungulira

Makina oponyera mosalekeza aphwanya njira yachikhalidwe yopangira zinthu zopanga nkhungu ndipo apangitsa kuti chitsulo chosungunuka chipangidwe mosalekeza. Kuponyera kwachikhalidwe kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zosasangalatsa monga kuyeretsa nkhungu, kutentha, kuponyera, ndi kuchotsa nkhungu pambuyo pomaliza ng'anjo iliyonse yoponyera, zomwe sizimangotenga nthawi yayitali komanso zimasiya zidazo zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndipo makina oponyera mosalekeza amatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga golide, itayambitsa makina oponyera mosalekeza, nthawi yake yopangira billet inafupikitsidwa kuchoka pa maola 8 pa batch kufika pa maola atatu, ndipo mphamvu yopangira inawonjezeka ndi nthawi zoposa 1.5. Njira yopangira bwino iyi imalola mabizinesi kuyankha kufunika kwa msika mwachangu ndikutsogolera pakukweza zinthu kumsika pamsika womwe mitengo yachitsulo chamtengo wapatali imasinthasintha pafupipafupi, motero amapeza mwayi wopikisana.

(2) Kuchuluka kwa zitsulo kumachepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi zodula, ndipo ngakhale kutayika pang'ono kungayambitse kukwera kwakukulu kwa ndalama. Pakupanga makina oponyera mosalekeza, chitsulo chosungunuka chimapangidwa mwachindunji, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa chitsulo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zotsalira za kuponyera, kudula kwa riser, ndi zina zotero.

Deta ikuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi makina opangidwa ndi platinamu achikhalidwe, kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zomwe zimapezeka mumakina opangidwa ndi platinamu nthawi zambiri kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi 12% -15%. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yomwe imapanga matani 5 a platinamu pachaka imatha kupanga makilogalamu pafupifupi 600-750 a platinamu pachaka pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi platinamu. Poyerekeza ndi mtengo wamsika wa platinamu, imatha kuwonjezera ndalama ndi mamiliyoni kapena makumi mamiliyoni a yuan pachaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga zinthu zomwe zili mumakina ndikukweza phindu la bizinesiyo.

2. Kuwongolera kolondola kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino

(1) Kuwongolera molondola njira yolimbitsa

Makina oponyera mosalekeza amakwaniritsa kuwongolera kolondola pa njira yolimba ya chitsulo chosungunuka mwa kusintha molondola magawo monga kuzizira kwa kristalo, liwiro la kuponyera, ndi kufalikira kwa madzi m'dera lachiwiri lozizira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene liwiro lozizira la kristalo lisinthidwa kuti lifulumizitse, kukula kwa njere za siliva kumakhala kosalala komanso kofanana. Pambuyo poyesa, mphamvu zake zimawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 20% ndipo kulimba kumawonjezeka ndi 15%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito otsatirawa agwire ntchito bwino.

Mphamvu yowongolera yolondola iyi imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za makasitomala osiyanasiyana kuti zinthu zigwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi makampani zikhale zopikisana kwambiri paubwino.

(2) Chepetsani zolakwika zamkati ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zokolola

Mu ndondomeko yopitilira yoponyera, billet imapangidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yokhazikika yolimbitsa, ndipo njira yojambulira imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yofanana, popewa bwino ming'alu yamkati, kumasuka ndi zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zovuta zakunja mu kuponyera nkhungu kwachikhalidwe.

Kampani ina yopanga zitsulo ya gulu la platinamu inachita kafukufuku woyerekeza, ndipo inapeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wopangira nkhungu, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zamkati mwa billet yopangira zinthu kunali kokwera kufika pa 8%, koma atasintha kupanga makina opangira zinthu mosalekeza, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika kunatsika kufika pa 1%. Makina opangira zinthu apamwamba kwambiri akhazikitsa maziko olimba a kukonza zinthu pambuyo pake, kuonjezera phindu la malonda kuchokera pa 85% kufika pa 95%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bizinesiyo ipindule kwambiri pazachuma.

3. Kusintha kosinthasintha kuti kukwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana

(1) Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake

Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa makina oponyera mosalekeza kumaonekera mu kuthekera kwawo kopanga ma billets amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana. Kaya ndi ma castings ozungulira, a sikweya, kapena ooneka ngati mbale, kapena ma castings ooneka ngati apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apadera, onsewa amatha kupezeka mosavuta.

Mu makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, mabizinesi amatha kupanga ma waya ozungulira okhala ndi mainchesi osiyanasiyana mwa kusintha makina opangira zinthu motsatira zofunikira pakupanga; Mu makampani opanga zamagetsi, ndizothekanso kupanga mapepala achitsulo amtengo wapatali okhala ndi makulidwe ndi m'lifupi kuti akwaniritse zosowa za makampani osiyanasiyana ndi makasitomala, zomwe zimathandiza mabizinesi kukulitsa bizinesi yawo.

(2) Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zosiyanasiyana

Ukadaulo wopangira zinthu mosalekeza umagwira ntchito bwino pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana zamtengo wapatali monga golide, siliva, platinamu, palladium, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe kake ndi mankhwala a zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zamtengo wapatali zimasiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, platinamu ili ndi malo osungunuka okwana 1772 ℃, pomwe siliva ili ndi malo osungunuka okwana 961.78 ℃ okha, ndipo kuyenda kwawo kumasiyananso.

Makina oponyera mosalekeza amawongolera magawo a ndondomeko, monga kuwonjezera mphamvu yozizira ndi liwiro la kuponyera kwa crystallizer kuti ipange platinamu, kusintha zinthu za crystallizer ndi kukonza pamwamba pa siliva, kuti zida zomwezo zigwirizane ndi kupanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zingapo. Izi sizimangowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokha, komanso zimapewa ndalama zambiri zomwe makampani amaika pogula zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

4. Kupanga zinthu zatsopano pa ukadaulo kumayendetsa chitukuko chokhazikika

(1) Makina ndi luntha zimathandizira kupanga zinthu

Makina odziyimira pawokha komanso owongolera anzeru omwe ali ndi makina amakono oponyera mosalekeza akhala "ubongo wanzeru" wa njira yopangira. Masensa osiyanasiyana amawunika magawo ofunikira monga kutentha kwa chitsulo chosungunuka, kutalika kwa mulingo wamadzimadzi, ndi liwiro lokoka billet nthawi yeniyeni, ndikutumiza deta mwachangu ku makina owongolera.

Dongosololi limasintha zokha magawo ogwirira ntchito a zida kutengera mapulogalamu ndi ma algorithms omwe adakonzedweratu kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira zopangira zikuyenda bwino komanso molondola. Mu fakitale ina yopanga golide, kuyambitsidwa kwa machitidwe owongolera anzeru kwakweza kukhazikika kwa malonda ndi 30% ndikuchepetsa ngozi zopangira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu ndi 80%. Nthawi yomweyo, dongosololi lingaperekenso kuzindikira zolakwika ndi chenjezo nthawi yeniyeni pazida, kukonza kukonza pasadakhale, kukulitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya zida, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.

(2) Njira zatsopano ndi zida zimabweretsa mwayi watsopano

Ofufuza nthawi zonse akufufuza ndikupanga njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu ndi zida zatsopano, zomwe zikuwonjezera mphamvu zatsopano popanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira zinthu zopyapyala kumapangitsa kuti kupanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kukhale kothandiza komanso kosunga mphamvu.

Kupanga mbale zopyapyala zachikhalidwe kumafuna njira zingapo zozungulira, pomwe kuponyera kopitilira muyeso kwa thin slab kumatha kupanga mwachindunji kuponyera kopyapyala, kuchepetsa ma rolling passes ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira ndi 15% -20%. Zipangizo zatsopano monga makina oponyera kopitilira muyeso okhala ndi mawilo zikupangidwanso nthawi zonse ndikukwera, kupatsa makampani achitsulo chamtengo wapatali zosankha zambiri zaukadaulo ndikuyendetsa makampaniwo kupita ku chitukuko chapamwamba.