Nkhani

Solder, monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cholumikizira m'magawo ambiri monga zamagetsi, magalimoto, ndege, ndi zina zotero, ubwino wake ndi magwiridwe ake zimakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo, zofunikira pa kuyera, kapangidwe kake kakang'ono, ndi magwiridwe antchito a solder zikuchulukirachulukira. Monga zida zapamwamba zoponyera zitsulo, makina oponyera osasinthika a vacuum pang'onopang'ono akoka chidwi m'makampani ogulitsa solder, zomwe zimapereka yankho lothandiza popanga solder yapamwamba kwambiri.

1、Mfundo yogwirira ntchito yazingalowe yopingasa mosalekeza kuponyera makina

Makina oponyera osasunthika opingasa okhala ndi vacuum amapangidwa makamaka ndi ng'anjo, crystallizer, chipangizo chokokera billet, makina otulutsira vacuum, ndi zina. Choyamba, ikani zinthu zosungunula mu ng'anjo yosungunula ndikuzitentha kuti zifike kutentha koyenera kwa madzi. Kenako, malo oponyera amachotsedwa pamlingo winawake kudzera mu makina otulutsira vacuum kuti achepetse kusakanikirana kwa zinyalala za mpweya. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka ndi kupanikizika kwakunja, solder yamadzimadzi imalowa mu crystallizer yoyikidwa mopingasa, yomwe imaziziritsidwa ndi madzi ozungulira kuti iume pang'onopang'ono ndikuwuma pakhoma lake lamkati, ndikupanga chipolopolo. Ndi kukoka pang'onopang'ono kwa chipangizo choponyera, solder yatsopano yamadzimadzi imabwezeretsedwanso mu crystallizer, ndipo chipolopolo chosungunula cholimba chimatulutsidwa nthawi zonse, motero zimapangitsa kuti njira yotulutsira ipitirire.

zingalowe yopingasa mosalekeza kuponyera makina

2、Ubwino wa Makina Opangira Osalekeza Osalekeza a Vacuum

(a)1）Sinthani kuyera kwa solder

Kuponya mu vacuum cleaner kungalepheretse bwino kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya monga mpweya ndi nayitrogeni kulowa mu solder, kuchepetsa kupangika kwa ma oxide inclusions ndi pores, kukulitsa kwambiri chiyero cha solder, ndikuwonjezera kunyowa kwake ndi kuyenda bwino panthawi yolumikiza, motero kukweza ubwino wa cholumikizira cholumikizidwa.

(a)2）Sinthani kapangidwe ka zinthu zosungunulira

Pa nthawi yopangira vacuum yopingasa, kuchuluka kwa solder yamadzimadzi kumakhala kofanana, ndipo kuzizira kumatha kusinthidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga kapangidwe kofanana komanso kosalala bwino ndikuchepetsa kusiyana. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti makina a solder akhale olimba, monga mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika, zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zina pakugwiritsa ntchito solder.

(a)3）Kupanga kopitilira kogwira mtima

Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoponyera, makina oponyera mosalekeza opingasa amatha kupanga mosalekeza komanso mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopangira ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi makina ambiri odzipangira okha, amachepetsa njira zogwirira ntchito pamanja, amachepetsa mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito komanso ndalama zopangira, komanso amapangitsa kuti njira yopangira ikhale yokhazikika komanso yodalirika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino nthawi zonse.

(a)4）Chepetsani zinyalala za zinthu zopangira

Chifukwa cha njira yopititsira patsogolo kuponyera ndi kuwongolera molondola kukula ndi mawonekedwe a billet, poyerekeza ndi njira zina zoponyera, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zopangira, kuchepetsa zinyalala za zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodula, zolipirira makina, ndi zina zotero, kukweza kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.

3、Ntchito zenizeni mumakampani ogulitsa solder

(a)1）Njira yopangira

Pakupanga solder, gawo loyamba ndikusakaniza bwino zosakaniza zofunikira za solder ndikuwonjezera zinthu zopangira zokonzeka mu uvuni wa makina oponyera osasinthika osasinthika. Yambani dongosolo la vacuum, chepetsani kupanikizika mkati mwa ng'anjo kufika pamlingo woyenera wa vacuum, nthawi zambiri pakati pa ma pascal makumi ndi mazana a ma pascal, kenako tenthetsani ndikusungunula solder ndikusunga kutentha kokhazikika. Sinthani liwiro la kuponyera ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ozizira a crystallizer kuti muwonetsetse kuti solder yamadzimadzi imakhazikika mofanana mu crystallizer ndikutulutsidwa mosalekeza, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ena a solder billet. Chopanda kanthucho chimakonzedwa kudzera mu njira zozungulira, zojambula ndi zina zokonzera kuti apange mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira za zinthu zosungunulira, monga waya wolukira, mzere wolukira, solder paste, ndi zina zotero, kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za welding za minda yosiyanasiyana.

(a)2）Kukweza ubwino wa zinthu zosungunulira

Potengera chitsanzo cha Sn Ag Cu chosungunula chopanda lead chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani amagetsi, chikapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina oponyera ozungulira osasunthika, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mu chosungunula kumatha kuyendetsedwa mosamala kwambiri, kupewa zinyalala monga tin slag yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi okosijeni ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa chosungunula. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kofanana ka bungwe kamathandiza kuti chosungunula chizitha kudzaza bwino mipata yaying'ono yolumikizirana ndi chosungunula panthawi yolumikizira yaying'ono ya zida zamagetsi, kuchepetsa zolakwika zolumikizira monga kusungunula ndi kulumikiza, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa chosungunula ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi pazinthu zamagetsi.

Mu ndondomeko yopangira chitsulo chamagetsi m'makampani opanga magalimoto, chopangira chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, chopangira chitsulo chopangidwa ndi makina oponyera osasunthika okhala ndi vacuum chimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso kukana dzimbiri. Kapangidwe kake ka tirigu wofanana kamatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa chopangira chitsulo panthawi yopangira chitsulo chamagetsi chotentha kwambiri, chomwe chingalumikize kwambiri zigawo zamagalimoto ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse ndi moyo wautumiki wa zigawo zamagalimoto.

(a)3）Zitsanzo za ntchito

Kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga solder yayambitsamakina oponyera mosalekeza a vacuum level, zomwe zawonjezera kuyera kwa zinthu zake zosungunulira zitsulo kuchokera pa 98% kufika pa 99.5%, ndipo zachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa okosijeni. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma board amagetsi, kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwa zosungunulira zitsulo kwatsika kuchoka pa 5% kufika pa 1%, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti msika ukhale wopikisana kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito opanga zinthu komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala za zinthu zopangira, mtengo wopangira zinthu watsika ndi pafupifupi 15%, zomwe zathandiza kuti pakhale phindu labwino pazachuma komanso pazachikhalidwe.

4、Ziyembekezo za chitukuko

Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha mafakitale monga zamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano, ndi kupanga zida zapamwamba, zofunikira paubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zosungunulira zipitilira kuwonjezeka. Makina osungunulira osasinthika a vacuum ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani osungunulira chifukwa cha zabwino zake zapadera. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wopanga zida, makina ake osungunulira adzakhala ogwira ntchito bwino komanso okhazikika, mulingo wowongolera wodziyimira pawokha udzawongoleredwa kwambiri, ndipo kuwongolera kolondola kwa magawo a njira kungatheke, ndikupanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso zopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Pakadali pano, ndi zofunikira kwambiri zachilengedwe, zabwino za makina osungunulira osasinthika a vacuum level pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mpweya woipa zidzawapangitsanso kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pakukula kokhazikika kwa makampani osungunulira.

5、 Mapeto

Kugwiritsa ntchito makina oponyera osasunthika opingasa opingasa mumakampani ogulitsa kumapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu cha kupanga solder yapamwamba komanso yogwira mtima kwambiri. Mwa kukonza kuyera kwa solder, kukulitsa kapangidwe ka bungwe, kukwaniritsa kupanga kosalekeza, ndikuchepetsa ndalama, kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa solder m'makampani amakono kwakwaniritsidwa. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'makampani ogulitsa kudzakhala kwakukulu komanso mozama, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani ogulitsa kuti akhale ndi khalidwe labwino, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe chobiriwira, kupereka zida zolumikizira zapamwamba komanso zodalirika m'mafakitale ambiri omwe amadalira kulumikizana kwa solder, ndikulimbikitsa kukweza ukadaulo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa unyolo wonse wamakampani.

Pakukula kwamtsogolo kwa makampani opanga solder, mabizinesi ayenera kuzindikira mokwanira kuthekera ndi kufunika kwa makina opangira solder omwe ali ndi vacuum level continuous, kuyambitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwambawu mwachangu, kulimbitsa luso laukadaulo ndi kukonza njira, kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wawo pamsika nthawi zonse, ndikulimbikitsa limodzi makampani opanga solder kuti apite ku gawo latsopano la chitukuko.