Granulating Systems
Makina opangira ma granulating omwe amatchedwanso "ojambula kuwombera", amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ng'ombe zamphongo, mapepala, zitsulo kapena zitsulo zotsalira kuti zikhale njere zoyenera. Matanki a granulating ndi osavuta kuchotsa kuti achotsedwe. Chogwirizira chokoka kuti muchotse mosavuta choyikapo tanki. Chida chosankha cha makina oponyera mphamvu ya vacuum kapena makina opitilira apo okhala ndi thanki ya granulating ndi yankho la granulating nthawi zina. Matanki a granulating amapezeka pamakina onse pamndandanda wa VPC. The standard type granulating systems ali ndi thanki yokhala ndi mawilo anayi omwe amayenda mosavuta ndikutuluka.
Kodi granulation yachitsulo ndi chiyani?
Granulation (kuchokera ku Chilatini: granum = "tirigu") ndi njira ya osula golide pomwe pamwamba pa mwala wamtengo wapatali amakongoletsedwa ndi timizere ting'onoting'ono tachitsulo chamtengo wapatali, chotchedwa granules, malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Zakale zakale zofukulidwa zakale za miyala yamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi njira iyi zinapezeka m'manda achifumu a Uri, ku Mesopotamiya ndi kubwerera ku 2500 BC Kuchokera kuderali, njirayo inafalikira ku Anatolia, ku Syria, ku Troy (2100 BC) ndipo potsiriza ku Etruria. (zaka za m'ma 8 BC). Kunali kuzimiririka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chikhalidwe cha Etruscan pakati pa zaka za zana lachitatu ndi lachiwiri BC komwe kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa granulation. kutumizidwa kwawo modabwitsa kwa granulation2 ya ufa wabwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito solder yolimba.
Granulation mwina ndi yachinsinsi komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri mwa njira zakale zokongoletsa. Poyambitsidwa ndi amisiri Fenici ndi Greci ku Etruria m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC, kumene chidziwitso cha zitsulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zinali kale pa siteji yapamwamba, akatswiri osula golide a Etruscan anapanga njira yawoyawo kuti apange ntchito zaluso zosagwirizana ndi kukongola kosafanana.
Mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 1800 zofukula zingapo zinachitidwa pafupi ndi Rome (Cerveteri, Toscanella ndi Vulci) ndi Southern Russia (Kertch ndi Taman peninsulas) zomwe zinavumbula zodzikongoletsera zakale za Etruscan ndi Greek. Zokongoletserazi zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi granulation. Zodzikongoletserazo zinafika kwa a Castellani Family of jewelers omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wakale wa zodzikongoletsera. Zomwe zapezedwa m'maliro a ku Etruscan zidakopa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma granules abwino kwambiri. Alessandro Castellani anaphunzira zinthu zakalezi mwatsatanetsatane pofuna kuyesa kuvumbula njira yawo yopangira zinthu. Sizinafike mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Castellani atamwalira, pomwe chithunzi cha colloidal / eutectic soldering chinathetsedwa.
Ngakhale kuti chinsinsicho chinakhalabe chinsinsi kwa a Castellanis ndi anthu a m'nthawi yawo, zodzikongoletsera za Etruscan zomwe zinangopezedwa kumene zinayambitsa chitsitsimutso cha zodzikongoletsera zakale cha m'ma 1850. Njira zopangira golidi zidapezeka zomwe zidathandizira Castellani ndi ena kutulutsa mokhulupirika zina mwazokongoletsera zakale kwambiri zomwe zidafukulidwapo. Zambiri mwa njirazi zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe anthu a ku Etruscans ankagwiritsa ntchito koma zinali zomveka. Zambiri mwazinthu zodzikongoletsera za Archaeological Revival tsopano zili m'magulu ofunikira a zodzikongoletsera padziko lonse lapansi, pamodzi ndi anzawo akale.
GRANULES
Ma granules amapangidwa kuchokera ku alloy yemweyo monga chitsulo chomwe chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imodzi imayamba ndikugudubuza chinsalu chopyapyala kwambiri ndi kukankhira timizere topapatiza kwambiri m'mphepete mwake. Mpenderoyo imadulidwa ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala mabwalo ang'onoang'ono kapena mapulateleti achitsulo. Njira ina yopangira njere imagwiritsa ntchito waya woonda kwambiri wopindidwa mozungulira mandrel woonda, ngati singano. Kenako koyiloyo imadulidwa mu mphete zazing'ono kwambiri. Izi zimapanga mphete zofananira kwambiri zomwe zimabweretsa ma granules okulirapo. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga mabwalo ambiri ofanana kukula kwake osaposa 1 mm.
Mapulateleti achitsulo kapena mphete zodumphira zimakutidwa ndi ufa wamakala kuti zisamamatirane panthawi yowombera. Pansi pa crucible amakutidwa ndi makala osanjikiza ndipo zitsulo zachitsulo zimawazidwa kuti zikhale molingana momwe zingathere. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi ufa watsopano wa makala ndi zidutswa zazitsulo zambiri mpaka crucible ili pafupi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu. The crucible amawotchedwa mu ng'anjo kapena uvuni, ndipo zidutswa zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimazungulira m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono pa kutentha kosungunuka kwa alloy awo. Zozungulira zomwe zangopangidwa kumenezi zimasiyidwa kuti zizizizira. Pambuyo pake amatsukidwa m'madzi kapena, ngati njira yowotchera idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, amazifutsa mu asidi.
Ma granules a makulidwe osagwirizana sangapange mapangidwe osangalatsa. Popeza ndizosatheka kuti wosula golidi apange mabwalo ofananira bwino a mainchesi omwewo, ma granules ayenera kusanjidwa asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Masefa angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ma granules.
Kodi mumapanga bwanji golide?
Kodi kupanga golide wonyezimira kumangotsanulira golide wosungunuka pang'onopang'ono m'madzi mutatenthetsa? Kapena mumachita zonse nthawi imodzi? Cholinga chopanga golide m'malo mwa ingots ect ndi chiyani.
Kuwombera kwagolide sikumapangidwa ndi kutsanulira kuchokera pakamwa pa chidebe. Iyenera kutulutsidwa kudzera mu nozzle. Mukhoza kupanga chophweka pobowola kabowo kakang'ono (1/8") pansi pa mbale yosungunuka, yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa chidebe cha madzi, ndi nyali ikusewera pa mbale, kuzungulira dzenjelo. golidi kuchokera kuzizira mu mbale pamene amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku mbale yosungunuka yomwe ufa wa golide umasungunuka Pazifukwa zomwe zakhala zovuta kuti ndimvetsetse, zomwe zimapanga kuwombera, m'malo mwa cornflakes.
Kuwombera kumakondedwa ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito golide, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuyeza kuchuluka komwe akufuna kukhala kosavuta. Osula golidi anzeru samasungunula golidi wochuluka nthawi imodzi, apo ayi zingayambitse kuponyedwa kolakwika (kuphatikiza gasi).
Mwa kusungunula ndalama zomwe zikufunika, zochepa zomwe zatsala (sprue) zikhoza kusungunuka ndi batch yotsatira, kutsimikizira kuti golide wosungunukanso saunjikana.
Vuto lakusungunula golide mobwerezabwereza ndikuti chitsulo choyambira (nthawi zambiri mkuwa, koma osangokhala mkuwa) chimatulutsa okosijeni ndikuyamba kupanga mpweya womwe umachulukana m'matumba ang'onoang'ono m'matumba. Ambiri mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe amaponya adakumanapo ndi izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawerengera chifukwa chake sangatero, kapena sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito golide yemwe adagwiritsidwapo kale ntchito.